Kua tino whakawhāitihia ngā mana whakahaere kaweake mō ngā waka rererangi kore-waipiro i ngā tau tata nei. He maha ngā kamupene kua whiua nā te mea i hē te mārama ki ngā kaupapa here. Me whai raihana kaweake whakamahi-rua koe mō ngā kaweake waka rererangi kore-waipiro? E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga i ngā rohe whakahaere, ā, e whakarato ana i tētahi tukanga tirotiro-ā-ringa taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa.
I. Me whai raihana koe? Ko te whakautu: kei runga i ngā tawhā, ehara i te whakamahinga
He maha ngā kamupene e whakapono hē ana he "ā-iwi" ngā waka rererangi kore utu mō ngā kaihoko, mō ngā mahi ahuwhenua rānei, nō reira, kāore e hiahiatia he raihana. He whakaaro hē nui tēnei.
I raro i te Ture Whakahaere Kaweake, ngā Ture Whakahaere Kaweake o ngā Taonga Whakamahinga Takirua, me te Rārangi Whakahaere Taonga Whakamahinga Takirua o te tau 2026 i whakaputaina e te Pānui Nama 91 o te tau 2025 a te Manatū Tauhokohoko me te Whakahaere Whānui o ngā Tikanga, ko ngā whakahaere kaweake waka rererangi kore utu e ahu mai ana ingā whakaritenga hangarau– kāore i te whakamahia mō te whakamahinga i whakaarohia. Me whiwhi raihana ngā waka rererangi ahuwhenua, ngā waka rererangi rererangi, ngā waka rererangi kaihoko rānei mēnā ka tutuki ā rātou tawhā i ngā paepae whakahaere.
Ka whakamahia e Haina tētahi pūnaha whakahaere takirua:
- 1. Ngā waka rererangi mō te ope taua(hei tauira, te tirotiro, te whakaeke) → me whiwhi Raihana Kaweake Hōia;
- 2. Ngā waka rererangi ā-iwi(me ā rātou kawenga tautoko me ngā wāhanga) e tutuki ana i ngā tawhā hangarau → me whiwhi Raihana Kaweake Taonga Whakamahi-Rua me te Hangarau.
II. He aha ngā mea e hipokina ana? E ono ngā wāhanga kua tirohia takitahi
E ai ki te Rārangi Whakahaere Kaweake o ngā Taonga Whakamahi-Rua o te Repupiripia o te Iwi o Haina me te Rārangi Pukapuka mō te Whakahaere i ngā Raihana Kawemai me te Kaweake mō ngā Taonga Whakamahi-Rua me ngā Hangarau (Putanga 2026), e ono ngā wāhanga matua o te whānuitanga whakahaere mō ngā waka rererangi kore-rangi me ngā taonga e pā ana, ā, he mārama ngā paepae hangarau o ia wāhanga.
(1) Ngā waka rererangi katoa
Ko ngā kaweake drone e hipokina ana ee rua ngā waehere whakahaere matua – 9A012 me 9A501kei roto i te Rārangi Mana Kaweake Whakamahinga-Rua. Ka taka te waka rererangi kore-kaimahi (tae atu ki ngā waka rererangi kore-kaimahi) ki raro i te mana whakahaere mēnā ka tutukitetahio ngā tawhā hangarau e whai ake nei:
| Āhuatanga tawhā | Paerewa motuhake |
|---|---|
| Āhuatanga manawanui 1 | Te roa o te manawanui i waenga i te 30 meneti (tae atu ki) me te 1 hāora, ā, ka taea te rere pumau me te rere ka taea te whakahaere i raro i ngā hau pupuhi o te 46.3 km/h (25 knots) neke atu rānei. |
| Āhua manawanui 2 | Te manawanui mōrahi e ōrite ana, e nui ake rānei i te 1 hāora |
| Awhe | Te whānuitanga e rite ana ki te 300 km, neke atu rānei (e rite ana ki te waehere whakahaere 9A501) |
| Pūnaha tohatoha | Kua rite ki te pūnaha tohatoha hau 20 rita, neke atu rānei, ā, ka taea te rere motuhake, te whakahaere rānei i tua atu i te whānuitanga tirohanga (BVR) |
| Mīhini | He mīhini rererangi motuhake kei roto, ā, neke atu i te 16 kW te kaha tonu o te putanga. |
Tuhipoka whakawātea: Ko ngā tauira waka rererangi i hangaia mō te whakangahau, mō te whakataetae rānei, kāore i raro i ngā mana whakahaere katoa o te 9A501. Heoi, ki te whakarerekētia aua tauira kia tutuki ai tētahi o ngā tawhā o runga ake nei, me whai raihana rātou.
(2) Ngā utauta kua whakatapua
Ko ngā utanga mahi-teitei i hangaia mō ngā UAV whakahaeretia kua whakarārangihia motuhaketia ki te rārangi whakahaere nā te mea ka taea e rātou te whakarei ake i te tirotiro hōia, te hopu ūnga, te kaha rānei ki te whakaeke tika.Ahakoa ka kaweakehia motuhaketia, ka kaweakehia ngātahitia rānei me te waka rererangi katoa, kāore e whakaaetia kia kaweakehia mēnā kāore he raihana.
Ko ngā momo matua e whā e whakahaerehia ana ko:
- Ngā taputapu whakaahua infrared: te roangaru mahi i waenga i te 780 nm me te 30,000 nm, me te tirohanga inamata (IFOV) iti iho i te 2.5 milliradians;
- Radar whakatuwheratanga hangai (SAR): te whānuitanga mahi neke atu i te 5 km, me te taumira aratau-rīpene pai ake i te 0.3 m, te taumira aratau-rama rānei pai ake i te 0.1 m;
- Ngā taiaho tohu ūnga: ka taea te mahi pumau i ngā pāmahana neke atu i te 55 °C, momo kāore e whakahaerehia te pāmahana, me te kaha pāoro kotahi >80 mJ, he pai ake te pumau i te 15%, me te rerekētanga hihi <0.3 milliradians;
- Ngā taputapu ine inertia tino tika: te tika o te pane <2 nekehanga, te tika o te waiaro <0.5 nekehanga, me te taumira <0.1 nekehanga.
(3) Ngā wāhanga matua
Kei roto i te rārangi mana whakahaere o te tau 2026 ngā wāhanga matua ka taea te whakamahi tika hei whakarerekē, hei huihui rānei i ngā UAV whakahaeretia, hei whakarei ake rānei i tā rātou mahi nui.Kua tāpirihia e te putanga o te tau 2026 ngā "taputapu me ngā wāhanga i hangaia mō te whakarerekē i ngā waka rererangi whai tangata hei UAV whakahaeretia" ki te whānuitanga whakahaere.
Ko ngā wāhanga matua e whakahaeretia ana i ia wā ko:
- Ngā mīhini rererangi motuhake me te mana tonu mōrahi neke atu i te 16 kW;
- Ngā pairati aunoa whakahaere rere tino tika;
- Ngā gyroscope me ngā wāhanga e pā ana.
(4) Ngā taputapu ārai-UAV
Kua whakaurua ngā pūnaha ā-ture ā-iwi ki roto i te whānuitanga o te whakapuakitanga kaweake mō ngā taonga e pā ana ki te UAV. Me tutuki e ngā kaihokohoko ngā whakaritenga whakapuakitanga o te Pānui Nama 78 o te tau 2026 e te Whakahaere Matua o ngā Tikanga. Me mōhio ko te Pānui Nama 78 te mea nuiwhakapūmau i ngā tukanga whakapuakitanga kaweake(pērā i te whakakī i te "waehere tautuhi taonga here/whakahaeretia" me ngā "huānga whakapuakitanga mō ngā taonga here/whakahaeretia") – kāore e whakatū i te mana whakahaere. Me whakatau tonu mēnā he taonga whakahaeretia te taputapu UAV ā-whakaeke i runga i ngā paepae hangarau motuhake i roto i te Rārangi Mana Kaweake o ngā Taonga Whakamahinga-Rua.
(5) Ngā mana whakahaere motuhake mō ngā āhuatanga
Ahakoa kāore te waka rererangi i te rārangi i roto i te rārangi mana whakahaere, ka āraia te kaweake mēnāe mōhio ana, e tika ana rānei kia mōhioka whakamahia ngā taonga mō te horapa o ngā patu whakangaro nui, ngā mahi kaiwhakatuma, ngā kaupapa hōia rānei.
(6) Ngā mana whakahaere motuhake ki te whenua
E whakamārama ana te Pānui Nama 46 o te tau 2024 nā te Manatū Tauhokohoko:kāore e whakaaetia te kaweake i ngā taonga whakamahi-rua ki ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga o te ope taua o Amerika, ki ngā whakamahinga mutunga rānei a te ope taua o Amerika.Ko te tikanga, kāore e whakaaetia te kaweake i te gallium, te germanium, te antimony, me ngā taonga whakamahinga-rua e pā ana ki ngā rauemi tino mārō ki te US; mō ngā taonga whakamahinga-rua o te graphite, ka whai mana ngā arotake kaiwhakamahi mutunga me ngā arotake whakamahinga-mutunga.
III. Tirotiro whaiaro e rima ngā taahiraa (Kia maumahara: raihana tuatahi, tukuna ā muri ake)
Hipanga 1: Tirohia tō hua ki te rārangi mana whakahaere
Tuatahi, whakatairitea ngā tawhā hangarau o tō hua ki te Rārangi Whakahaere Kaweake o ngā Taonga Whakamahi-Rua o te Repupiripia o te Iwi o Haina me te Rārangi Pukapuka mō te Whakahaere i ngā Raihana Kawemai me te Kaweake mō ngā Taonga me ngā Hangarau Whakamahi-Rua (Putanga 2026).
Ngā pūwāhi tirotiro matuate manawanui, te ātete ki te hau, te whānuitanga whakahaere, te kawenga motuhake, te tawhiti, me ētahi atuHei tohutoro tikanga anake ngā waehere HS, ehara i te mea whakatau– kua whakatauhia te hiahia mō te raihanae ngā tawhā hangarau tuturuo te hua.
Tuhipoka motuhake:Ka whakarōpūtia ngā waehere HS e ai ki te taumaha mōrahi o te rerenga, engari he rerekē rawa ngā paearu hangarau e whakamahia ana e ngā waehere whakahaere kaweake. Tērā pea ka taka ngā waka rererangi iti e rua me te taumaha rerenga kotahi ki raro i ngā waehere whakahaere rerekē nā te rerekētanga o te manawanui; i tetahi atu taha, tērā pea ka taka ngā waka rererangi iti e rua me te taumaha rerenga tino rerekē ki raro i te waehere whakahaere kotahi.
Hipanga 2: Aromatawai i te kaiwhakamahi mutunga me te whakamahinga mutunga
Hei whakatau mēnā kei te whakahaerehia tētahi hua, kaua ngā kamupene e whakawhirinaki anake ki te rārangi whakahaere me te rārangi pukapuka – me whakahaere hoki e rātou hearotake hohonu mō te kaiwhakamahi mutunga me te whakamahinga whakamutungaKo ētahi o ngā taonga kāore e tutuki i ngā paepae hangarau kua whakarārangihia, ka taea tonu te whakahaere i runga i ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te whakamahinga whakamutunga, o te kaiwhakamahi whakamutunga rānei.
Hipanga 3: Ki te kore koe e tino mōhio, me kōrero wawe ki te
Mena kāore e taea e koe te whakatau mēnā he taonga whakahaere tō kaweake e whakaarohia ana, ka taea e koe te tuku tono kōrero mā te wāhanga "Ngā Taonga Whakamahinga Rua me te Whakaaetanga Kawemai/Kaweake Hangarau" i te tomokanga ratonga kāwanatanga ipurangi a te Manatū Tauhokohoko. Ina tono kōrero koe, me whakarato e koe ngā whakatakotoranga mahi, ngā whakamahinga matua, me ngā take e kore ai e taea e koe te whakatau i te mana whakahaere.
Hipanga 4: Mena kei te whakahaerehia, tono mo te raihana
Kia whakaūtia he taonga whakahaeretia, me tono te kaihoko ki te Manatū Tauhokohoko mā te mana whakahaere tauhokohoko ā-rohe, whakakīia te puka tono mō ngā taonga whakamahi-rua me te kaweake hangarau, me te tuku i ngā tuhinga e hiahiatia ana.Me whai raihana i mua i te kaweake, te whakawhiti, te tuku rānei i ngā taonga whakamahi-rua.
Tuhipoka whai hua:Mena kei roto i tētahi ota kotahi ngā tauira maha e taka ana i raro i ngā waehere whakahaere rerekē (hei tauira, he rererangi ā-ahuwhenua i raro i te 9A012 me tētahi rererangi ā-ahuwhenua i raro i te 9A501), me tono koe mō ngā raihana motuhake mō ia waehere whakahaere – kāore e taea te whakakotahi. Ina he kawenga whakahaere ka taea te wetewete kei runga i te rererangi ā-ahuwhenua, me raihana motuhake hoki te rererangi ā-ahuwhenua me te kawenga.
Hipanga 5: Whakapuaki pono ki ngā tikanga
E ai ki te Pānui Nama 78 o te tau 2026 nā te Whakahaere Matua o ngā Tikanga (e whai mana ana mai i te 30 o Hune 2026), me whakapuaki pono ngā kaihoko ki ngā tikanga. Mō ngā taonga whakahaeretia, me kī te pou "Ngā Tuhipoka" o te whakapuakitanga tikanga "He taonga whakahaeretia tēnei mō te kaweake" me te whakarārangi i te waehere whakahaere kaweake whakamahi-rua e rite ana. Mō ngā taonga kāore i te whakahaeretia engari e tata ana ō rātou āhuatanga ki ngā paepae, me kī te pou "Ngā Tuhipoka" "Ehara tēnei i te taonga whakahaeretia tēnei mō te kaweake."
Me whai hoki ngā kaihoko ki ngā tohutohu i roto i te pūnaha "Matapihi Kotahi" hei whakakī i te "waehere tautuhi taonga here/whakahaere" me ngā "huānga whakapuakitanga mō ngā taonga here/whakahaere" me ngā tohu hangarau motuhake.
IV. He pēhea te kino o ngā pānga? Kaua e tūpono
Kei te kaha haere te whakatinanatanga a ngā mana whakahaere tikanga me ngā mana tauhokohoko mō ngā taonga whakamahi-rua. Kei te tere piki haere ngā kēhi kaweake whakamahi-rua ture kore, ā, i roto i aua kēhi kua tino piki ake ngā kēhi e pā ana ki ngā waka rererangi kore-ara me ō rātou wāhanga.
Ngā whiu whakahaereKo te kaweake i ngā taonga whakahaeretia me te kore raihana ka whiua ki ngā whiu i raro i te Ture 34 o te Ture Whakahaere Kaweake. I roto i te mahi, kua whakamahia e ngā kamupene te hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe (hei tauira, te aratau 9610) ki te kaweake i ngā taonga whakahaeretia, ā, i whiua ahakoa ko te moni whiwhi ture kore he tata ki te RMB 20,000.
Te kawenga taiharaMena ka kaweake ā-tauiratia e te kaikawe ki tāwāhi ngā waka rererangi kore-rangi e whakahaeretia ana, me te kore raihana, ā, neke atu i te RMB 200,000 te uara, ka kiia pea he hara o te kawe puku i ngā taonga kua āraia te kawemai/kaweake, ka whiua ki te whare herehere tae atu ki te rima tau, me te whiu moni, kāore rānei; ki te neke atu i te RMB 1 miriona te uara, ki te mea rānei he āhuatanga kino atu, ka taea te whiu ki te whare herehere mō te rima tau, neke atu rānei, me te whiu moni.
He mea nuiKo te tuku i tētahi kaikawe utanga, i tētahi kamupene mekameka tuku rānei ki te whakahaere i te whakawātea tikanga, kāore e whakakore i te kawenga o te kaweake ki tāwāhi i ana kawenga tutuki ture. Me whakamōhio mārama te kaweake ki te kaihoko mō te mana whakahaere, me arotake i ngā ihirangi o te whakapuakitanga, ā, kaua rawa e whai i te whakaaro "tuku noa mā te kaikawe e whakahaere".
V. Whakarāpopototanga o te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā umanga
1. Whakatauhia te mana whakahaere i mua i te whakaae i tētahi ota– kaua e whakawhirinaki ki ngā wheako o mua; tirohia te 9A012 me te 9A501 anō hoki.
2. Whakatūria he tukanga porowhita-kati o"manatoko tawhā → arotake kaiwhakamahi mutunga → whakaaetanga tutuki".
3. Mena kei te ruarua ngā tawhā,kōrero wawe ki te Manatū Tauhokohoko– kaua rawa e tuku pōrangi.
4. Kaua rawa e karo i ngā mana whakahaeremā te wehewehe i ngā tuku, te whakahuahua hē rānei i ngā ingoa hua.
5. Mōngā ota uaua e uru ana ki ngā tauira maha, ki ngā waka rererangi rānei me ngā kawenga, whakamaheretia tō rautaki wehewehe raihana i mua i te wā.
Ehara te tutuki i te kawenga i te kawenga– he ārai mō te tipu pakihi mō te wā roa. I roto i te horopaki o ngā mana whakahaere rua-whakamahinga ā-ao e tino kaha haere ana, ko te hanga i tētahi pūnaha tutuki i ngā whakaritenga kaweake pakari te huarahi matua mō ngā kaihokohoko waka rererangi korere hei whakatutuki i te angitu pumau.
Te wā tuku: Hurae-15-2026