Te Whakawhanaketanga o te Waka Waka ā-Rohe i Haina
Te Wāhanga Tīmatanga o te Kawe Ipu ā-Rohe
I tīmata wawe te kawe waka wai i roto i ngā ipu o Haina. I ngā tau 1950, kua whakamahia kētia ngā ipu rakau mō te kawe utanga i waenga i te Tauranga o Shanghai me te Tauranga o Dalian.
Tae rawa ki te tekau tau atu i 1970, ka whakaurua ngā ipu rino—ko te nuinga he 5-tana me te 10-tana ngā whakaritenga—ki roto i te pūnaha rerewē, ā, ka horapa haere ki te kawe waka moana.
Heoi, nā ētahi āhuatanga whakawhāiti pēnei i:
• Ngā utu whakahaere teitei
• Te korenga o te whanaketanga o te hua
• He iti te pūmanawa mākete
• Kāore i te rawaka te hiahia ā-rohe
Te Aranga Ake o te Kawe Ipu ā-Rohe Paerewa
Nā te hohonu haere tonu o te whakarerekētanga me te whakatuwheratanga o Haina, me ngā whakarerekētanga o te pūnaha ōhanga, i tere ake ai te tipu o te hokohoko kawemai me te kaweake o te motu.
Ka tīmata te tupu haere o te kawe ipu, inā koa i ngā rohe takutai moana, i ngā wāhi i tino whanake ake ai te tono mō ngā hanganga me ngā mahi kawe waka.
Nā te whānui haere o ngā ratonga ipu hokohoko ki tāwāhi i hanga he āhuatanga pai mō te tipu o te mākete kawe ipu ā-rohe, e whakarato ana i:
• He wheako whakahaere whai hua
• Ngā whatunga whakahaere whānui
• Ngā tūāpapa mōhiohio pakari
I puta tētahi tohu nui i te 16 o Tīhema, 1996, i te wehenga atu o te kaipuke ipu tuatahi o Haina, te kaipuke "Fengshun", i te Tauranga o Xiamen me ngā ipu whānui o te ao. Nā tēnei huihuinga i tīmata ai te kawe ipu ā-rohe paerewa i ngā tauranga o Haina.
Ko ngā āhuatanga o te kawe ipu moana hokohoko ā-rohe ko:
01. Te whai huatanga teitei
Mā te kawe waka i roto i ngā ipu ka taea te uta me te tango tere i ngā taonga, ka whakaitihia te maha o ngā kawe me te whakahaere, ā, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te kawe waka. I taua wā anō, mā te rahi o ngā ipu kua whakaritea ka taea te whakataurite pai ake i ngā kaipuke me ngā whare tauranga, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te kawe waka.
02. Ōhanga
He nui ake te ohanga o te kawe ipu mā te moana i te kawe whenua. Ina koa mō ngā taonga papatipu me ngā kawe tawhiti, ka taea e te kawe ipu moana te whakaiti i ngā utu kawe.
03. Haumaru
He pakari te hanganga me te mahi hiri o te ipu, ā, ka taea te tiaki i ngā taonga mai i ngā kino o te taiao o waho. I taua wā anō, mā ngā mahi haumaru i te wā e kawe ana i ngā taonga i runga i te moana ka noho haumaru hoki.
04. Ngāwari
Mā te kawe waka i roto i ngā ipu ka māmā ake te whakawhiti taonga mai i tētahi tauranga ki tētahi atu, ka tutuki ai te hononga maeneene o te kawe waka maha-ara. Mā tēnei ngāwari ka taea e te kawe waka moana ā-rohe te urutau ki ngā hiahia kawe waka maha.
05. Te tiaki taiao
Ki te whakaritea ki te kawe waka rori, he iti ake ngā tukunga waro o te kawe ipu moana, ā, he āwhina tēnei ki te whakaiti i te parahanga taiao. Hei tāpiri, ka whakaitihia hoki e te kawe ipu te whakaputanga o ngā para tākai, ā, he pai tēnei mō te tiaki taiao.
| Ngā Ara o te Tonga o Haina | Ngā Tauranga Haerenga | Te Wā Whakawhiti |
| Shanghai - Guangzhou | Guangzhou (ma Nansha Phase IV, Shekou, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai International Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Fanyu, Gongyi, Yueping) | 3 ngā rā |
| Shanghai - Dongguan Intl. | Dongguan (ma Haikou, Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Leliu, Tongde, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Gongyi, Yueping) | 3 ngā rā |
| Shanghai - Xiamen | Xiamen (mā Quanzhou, Fuqing, Fuzhou, Chaozhou, Shantou, Xuwen, Yangpu, Zhanjiang, Beihai, Fangcheng, Tieshan, Jieyang) | 3 ngā rā |
| Taicang - Jieyang | Jieyang | 5 ngā rā |
| Taicang - Zhanjiang | Zhanjiang | 5 ngā rā |
| Taicang - Haikou | Haikou | 7 ngā rā |
| Ngā Ara o Te Tai Tokerau o Haina | Ngā Tauranga Haerenga | Te Wā Whakawhiti |
| Shanghai/Taicang - Yingkou | Yingkou | 2.5 ngā rā |
| Shanghai - Jingtang | Jingtang (mā Tianjin) | 2.5 ngā rā |
| Shanghai Luojing - Tianjin | Tianjin (mā te Teihana o te Ao o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa) | 2.5 ngā rā |
| Shanghai - Dalian | Dalian | 2.5 ngā rā |
| Shanghai - Qingdao | Qingdao (ma Rizhao, ka hono atu ki Yantai, Dalian, Weifang, Weihai, me Weifang) | 2.5 ngā rā |
| Ngā Ara o te Awa o Yangtze | Ngā Tauranga Haerenga | Te Wā Whakawhiti |
| Taicang - Wuhan | Wuhan | 7-8 ngā rā |
| Taicang - Chongqing | Chongqing (mā Jiujiang, Yichang, Luzhou, Chongqing, Yibin) | 20 ngā rā |
Kua tutuki i te whatunga kaipuke ipu ā-rohe o nāianei te kapi katoa puta noa i ngā takutai moana o Haina me ngā awa nui o te awa. Kei te whakahaerehia ngā huarahi katoa kua whakatūria i runga i ngā ratonga kaipuke pumau, kua whakaritea. Ko ngā kamupene kaipuke ā-rohe matua e mahi ana i te kawe ipu takutai moana me te awa ko: Zhonggu Shipping, COSCO, Sinfeng Shipping, me Antong Holdings.
Kua whakarewahia e te Tauranga o Taicang ngā ratonga tuku tika ki ngā taunga kaipuke i Fuyang, Fengyang, Huaibin, Jiujiang, me Nanchang, me te whakanui ake i te auau o ngā huarahi utu nui ki Suqian. Mā ēnei whanaketanga ka whakapakari ake te hononga ki ngā rohe utanga matua i ngā kawanatanga o Anhui, Henan, me Jiangxi. He nui ngā ahunga whakamua kua puta i roto i te whakawhānui ake i te aroaro o te mākete i te taha o waenganui o te awa o Yangtze.
Ngā Momo Ipu Noa i roto i te Tukunga Ipu ā-Rohe
Ngā Whakatakotoranga Ipu:
• 20GP (Ipu Whānui 20-putu te roa)
• Ngā Ahu ā-Roto: 5.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Taumaha Mōrahi Katoa: 27 tāne
• Rōrahi Whakamahi: 24–26 CBM
• Ingoa īngoa: "Ipu Iti"
• 40GP (Ipu Whānui 40-putu)
• Ngā Ahu ā-Roto: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Taumaha Mōrahi Katoa: 26 tāne
• Rōrahi Whakamahi: tata ki te 54 CBM
• Ingoa īngoa: "Ipu Paerewa"
• 40HQ (Ipu 40-putu te roa o te poraka teitei)
• Ngā Ahu ā-Roto: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.68 m
• Taumaha Mōrahi Katoa: 26 tāne
• Rōrahi Whakamahi: tata ki te 68 CBM
• Ingoa īngoa: "Ipu Poraka Teitei"
Ngā Taunakitanga mō te Tono:
• He pai te 20GP mō ngā utanga taumaha pērā i ngā taera, ngā rakau, ngā pire kirihou, me ngā matū kua whakakīia ki roto i te pū.
• He pai ake ngā 40GP / 40HQ mō ngā utanga mama, ngā utanga nui rānei, ngā taonga rānei he whakaritenga āhua motuhake, pērā i ngā muka hangai, ngā rauemi tākai, ngā taonga whare, ngā wāhanga mīhini rānei.
Te Arotautanga o ngā Rautaki: Mai i Shanghai ki Guangdong
I te tīmatanga, i whakamahia e tā mātou kiritaki te waka rori hei kawe taonga mai i Shanghai ki Guangdong. E 33 tana utanga i ia taraka 13-mita te roa, ā, e 9,000 RMB te utu mō ia haerenga, ā, e rua ngā rā te roa o te whakawhiti.
Whai muri i te huri ki tā mātou otinga kawe waka moana kua tino pai, ka tukuna ngā utanga mā te whakamahi i ngā ipu 40HQ, e 26 tana te taumaha o ia ipu. Ko te utu kawe hou ko te RMB 5,800 mō ia ipu, ā, ko te roa o te whakawhiti he 6 rā.
Mai i te tirohanga utu, ka tino whakaitihia e te kawe waka moana ngā whakapaunga kawe waka—mai i te RMB 272 ia tana ki te RMB 223 ia tana—ā, ka penapenahia tata ki te RMB 49 ia tana.
Mō te wā, e whā ngā rā te roa o te kawe waka moana i te kawe waka rori. Nā tēnei, me whakarerekē te kiritaki i te whakamahere rawa me te whakaritenga whakaputa kia kore ai e whakararuraru i ngā mahi.
Whakatau:
Mena kāore te kiritaki e hiahia ana ki te tuku tere, ā, ka taea e ia te whakamahere i te whakaputa me te taonga i mua i te wā, ka whakaatuhia e te tauira kawe waka moana he otinga whakahaere kawe taonga e whai hua ake ana, e pumau ana, e pai ana hoki ki te taiao.